Application of Cupping Therapy and Hirudotherapy in Family Medicine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17013692%20Keywords:
Complementary medicine, cupping therapy, family medicine, hirudotherapyAbstract
Cupping therapy (Hijama) and hirudotherapy (leech therapy) are increasingly popular Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM) practices in family medicine. This review focuses on their historical background, mechanisms of action, clinical indications, evidence of effectiveness, safety, and regulatory framework.
Cupping therapy, rooted in Chinese and Islamic medicine, is believed to reduce pain by increasing circulation through local suction. Systematic reviews support its efficacy in conditions like low back and neck pain.
Hirudotherapy works through bioactive substances in leech saliva that provide anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects. It has shown benefits in osteoarthritis and venous congestion, although adverse effects such as prolonged bleeding and infections require caution.
In Türkiye, these practices were officially regulated by the 2014 TCM Regulation, and application is restricted to certified professionals. Family physicians play a key role in patient education and appropriate referrals. However, gaps in training and inconsistent integration into family medicine practice limit their use.
In conclusion, cupping and hirudotherapy are traditional, low-cost treatment options with some clinical benefit. However, further high-quality studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety. Strengthening training programs, regulatory support, and evidence-based guidance is crucial for their safe and effective use. Enhancing family physicians’ knowledge in this field may support safer and more informed use of these therapies in primary care.
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